What ecological issues can arise from untreated ballast water?

Untreated ballast water can lead to significant ecological issues, primarily due to the spreading of invasive species. Ballast water is taken on by ships to provide stability, and it often contains a variety of organisms from different aquatic environments. When this water is discharged into a new location, these species, which may not have natural predators in their new environment, can disrupt local ecosystems. This disruption can result in the decline of native species, changes in habitat structures, and overall declines in biodiversity.

Invasive species can outcompete native species for resources such as food and habitat, leading to shifts in the ecosystem. This process can be costly not just environmentally but economically, as it may affect fisheries, tourism, and local economies. Therefore, managing ballast water effectively and treating it before discharge is crucial for protecting marine ecosystems and maintaining biodiversity.